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The Myth of Chinese language 中文的魅力 China is a country with fifty-six ethnic groups, witch has its own language. Thelanguage spoken by over 90% of the Chinese population, the Hàn ethnic people, is called Hànyǔ, witch is divided into several dialects, each almost like a foreign langu-age to another. (因为中国是一个有56个民族的国家，每个民族都有自己的语言。百分之九十以上的中国人是汉族人。他们的语言就是汉语，汉语又可分为若干方言，而不同的方言也几乎像不同的语言。) Mandarin 普通话 The majority of the Chinese (Hàn) speak Mandarin dialect, the official language of China, witch is further divided into sub-dialects. The Northern Mandarin dialect, basedon Beijing dialect, has been adopted as the standard dialect, called pǔtōnghuà. (大多数汉族人说汉语，即中国的官方语言，可以再分为不同的方言。这种官方语言以北京话为基础方言，也叫作普通话。) Characteristic of Hànyǔ 汉语的几个特点 1. Phonetic Transcriptions 拼音 The Pīnyīn romanization is the official phonetic transcription used in mainland China,as well as the most widely used pronun-ciation system of Hànyǔ all over the world, whitch is used in this textbook. (汉语拼音是中国国内使用的标准拼音体系，也是世界上使用得最广泛的汉语拼音系统。) Pīnyīn syllables consist of consist of initials, finals and tones. (拼音音节由声母、韵母和声调组成。) 2. Tones 声调 The meaning of Hànyǔ is varied according to different tones. In the Mandarin, each syllable in Chinese has four tones: for example, mā(mon), má(hemp), mǎ(horse), and mà(curse). (汉语词语的声调不同，意思就可能不同。每个音节有四个声调。如：妈，麻，马，骂。) The first tone is high and stable, like a soprano note. (第一声又高又平，像音乐中的高音。) The second toneis rising, like "uh". (第二声是升调，像“uh”的发音。) The third tone is a long low tone plus a short rising tone. (第三声由长降调和短升调组成。) The fourth tone is a short falling tone, like "boo". (第四声是降调，像“boo”的发音。) In addition, some syllables have a neutral tone（轻声）, like "ma" which is a question particle.(另外，有的音节是轻声，例如疑问代词“吗”。) Some syllables in Chinese have two pronunciation or more（多音字）. For example, "jiào," the noun of "sleep"is also pronounc-ed as "jué" as a verb of "feel." (有的汉字是多音字。例如：觉jiào是“睡觉”，名词。而第二声时，觉的发音是“jué”，是“觉得”的意思，用作动词。) |